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Managing hypernatremia in fluid deficient elderly.

L Aaronson, L P Seaman

    Journal of Gerontological Nursing
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Elderly individuals, especially those in nursing homes, are prone to dehydration and hypernatremia. This condition can cause confusion mistaken for dementia, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Nursing

    Background:

    • Elderly individuals, particularly those in institutionalized settings, face a high risk of fluid volume depletion.
    • Aging is associated with reduced intracellular fluid and increased body fat, increasing susceptibility to dehydration.
    • Transfers from nursing homes to acute care settings are common scenarios for this issue.

    Observation:

    • Factors contributing to fluid volume deficit include febrile illness, enteral feeding, GI bleeding, diuretics, renal failure, vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes, and fluid restrictions.
    • Physiologic changes in the elderly predispose them to water loss.
    • Cognitive changes like apathy and confusion may be misdiagnosed as dementia.

    Findings:

    • Fluid volume depletion and hypernatremia are significant risks in the institutionalized elderly.
    • Multiple medical conditions and treatments can precipitate dehydration.
    • The regulator subsystem and physiologic mode of Roy's Adaptation Model are relevant for addressing this problem.

    Implications:

    • Accurate diagnosis of dehydration is crucial to avoid misattributing symptoms to dementia.
    • Interventions should focus on preventing and managing fluid volume deficits in this population.
    • Roy's Adaptation Model offers a framework for nursing care to address the physiologic needs of the elderly.