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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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[TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND DEPRESSION].

A Ya Kravchenko, I E Esaulenko, V V Sahnenko

    Klinicheskaia Meditsina
    |July 28, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly impacts mental health, with anxiety and depression affecting many patients. Addressing these affective disorders is crucial for better diabetes management and treatment adherence.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Psychiatry
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) extends beyond metabolic dysregulation, frequently involving affective pathology in 30-70% of patients.
    • Anxiety and depressive disorders in T2DM patients are often underdiagnosed and undertreated, impacting treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.
    • This review explores the intricate relationship between diabetes and affective disorders, highlighting shared underlying mechanisms.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the complex interplay between affective disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • To review the mechanisms linking emotional stress, inflammation, and neurobiological changes in both conditions.
    • To emphasize the need for integrated diagnostics and treatment strategies for diabetes and associated mental health issues.

    Summary:

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    • Persistent subclinical inflammation and emotional stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation contribute to the comorbidity of T2DM and depression.
    • Shared structural brain changes and endocrine disruptions are observed in both diabetes and depression, suggesting common pathophysiological pathways.
    • Depression can precipitate diabetes development and exacerbate its complications through various biological and behavioral mechanisms.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the critical need for concurrent management of metabolic and affective disorders in type 2 diabetes.
    • Provides insights into potential therapeutic targets by understanding shared inflammatory and neuroendocrine pathways.
    • Underscores the importance of addressing mental health to improve adherence and prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients.