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Related Concept Videos

Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Atypical Flowers Can Be as Profitable as Typical Hummingbird Flowers.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: A High-Resolution, Single-Grain, In Vivo Pollen Hydration Bioassay for Arabidopsis thaliana
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Author Spotlight: A High-Resolution, Single-Grain, In Vivo Pollen Hydration Bioassay for Arabidopsis thaliana

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Drought, pollen and nectar availability, and pollination success.

Nickolas M Waser, Mary V Price

    Ecology
    |July 28, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Drought reduces flower nectar and pollen, impacting pollination. Lower resources increase pollinator visits but decrease pollen transfer, affecting plant reproductive success.

    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Plant Biology
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Pollination success relies on pollinator visit rates and pollen deposition.
    • Plant resource availability in floral neighborhoods influences pollination dynamics.
    • Previous studies noted reduced pollen in Ipomopsis aggregata during high hummingbird visitation, linked to drought.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate environmental effects on pollen and nectar production.
    • Test the hypothesis that drought reduces nectar and pollen, increasing pollinator visits but decreasing pollen deposition.
    • Understand how environmental factors shape floral neighborhoods and pollination success.

    Main Methods:

    • Greenhouse experiment manipulating drought conditions for Ipomopsis aggregata.

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  • Field study over 6 years monitoring precipitation and soil moisture in natural populations.
  • Experimental pollen removal to assess its impact on neighboring flowers.

    • Main Results:

    • Drought significantly reduced both nectar and pollen production in I. aggregata flowers.
    • Field data corroborated greenhouse findings across variable environmental conditions.
    • Removal of pollen from flowers decreased pollen deposition in adjacent flowers.

    Conclusions:

    • Abiotic factors like drought directly impact floral resource availability (nectar and pollen).
    • Reduced resources can alter pollinator behavior, affecting pollination efficiency.
    • Environmental drivers play a crucial role in shaping plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive outcomes.