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Investigating social cognition in epilepsy using a naturalistic task.

Krzysztof A Bujarski1, Laura Flashman2, Zhongze Li3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Epilepsia
|July 28, 2016
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Summary

Patients with focal epilepsy show deficits in recognizing negative emotions and understanding sarcasm, impacting social cognition. Advanced social cognition appears independent of general cognitive abilities in these patients.

Keywords:
Age at onsetAssessmentEpilepsySocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Social cognition is crucial for real-world interactions.
  • Focal epilepsy can affect cognitive functions, but social cognition deficits are not fully understood.
  • Existing assessments may not capture the nuances of social cognition in epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess social cognition in patients with focal epilepsy using a naturalistic task.
  • To compare social cognition abilities between patients with focal epilepsy and healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between social cognition, general cognitive functioning, and epilepsy characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 43 patients with focal epilepsy and 22 controls.
  • Utilized The Awareness of Social Inference Test, a video-based realistic social cognition assessment.
  • Administered standard cognitive tests and depression measures.

Main Results:

  • Patients with epilepsy (PWEs) struggled to identify negative emotions (anger, fear, disgust) but not happiness.
  • PWEs could identify sincere exchanges but not sarcastic or insincere ones.
  • Basic social cognition correlated with general cognitive measures, while advanced social cognition did not.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with focal epilepsy exhibit social cognition deficits when assessed with naturalistic tasks.
  • Advanced social cognition may represent an independent domain in PWEs, potentially missed by standard tests.
  • Epilepsy-related social cognition problems may originate during critical developmental periods like childhood and adolescence.