Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

890
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
890
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.3K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.3K
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.1K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

1.2K
Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
1.2K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

1.6K
Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal...
1.6K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

1.5K
Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictive parameters in differentiating physiological uptakes from pathological uptakes of palatine tonsil on PET/CT in patients with lymphoma.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Complications of Adenotonsillectomy Surgery: Analysis of Pediatric Down Syndrome Patients in a Tertiary Center.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Auditory pathways in migraine and vestibular migraine: New insights into sound sensitivity and spectral resolution dysfunction.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same author

A Rare Cause of Stridor: Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma.

Pediatric pulmonology·2025
Same author

The effect of chewing gum on postoperative pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2025
Same author

Success of Apheresis Platelet Replacement in Patients With Antiaggregant Drug-Associated Epistaxis and Cost Effectiveness Analysis.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
07:05

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

25.3K

Botulinum Toxin for Rhinitis.

Cengiz Ozcan1, Onur Ismi2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. cozcan@mersin.edu.tr.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|July 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Intranasal botulinum toxin A effectively reduces rhinitis symptoms like rhinorrhea. This treatment offers a safe, long-lasting option for chronic rhinitis patients resistant to other therapies.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisBotulinum toxin AIdiopathic rhinitisRhinitisVasomotor rhinitis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.8K
Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
07:05

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

25.3K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.8K
Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rhinitis presents with symptoms including nasal obstruction, itching, sneezing, and significant nasal hypersecretion.
  • Allergic rhinitis involves IgE-mediated inflammation, while idiopathic rhinitis stems from non-allergic, non-infectious triggers.
  • Current treatments for rhinitis, including allergen avoidance and corticosteroids, are insufficient for some patients experiencing persistent rhinorrhea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of novel treatment options for rhinitis, particularly focusing on rhinorrhea.
  • To evaluate the potential of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent for rhinitis symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on botulinum toxin's effects on rhinitis symptoms.
  • Analysis of studies investigating intranasal administration of botulinum toxin A.

Main Results:

  • Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine release, impacting neuromuscular and neuroglandular signaling.
  • Intranasal botulinum toxin A administration demonstrates safety and effectiveness in reducing rhinitis symptoms.
  • The treatment provides a long-lasting effect for patients with chronic rhinitis.

Conclusions:

  • Botulinum toxin A is a promising therapeutic option for managing refractory rhinorrhea in rhinitis patients.
  • Intranasal botulinum toxin A offers a safe and effective alternative for chronic rhinitis cases resistant to conventional treatments.