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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
14.5K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
18.5K
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

6.7K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts
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Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts

Published on: December 22, 2015

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[Interaction between bone and artery].

Masahiko Kurabayashi1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|July 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Osteoporosis and vascular calcification share common mechanisms. Bone remodeling factors significantly influence vascular calcification, offering new therapeutic targets for these prevalent age-related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Osteoporosis and vascular calcification are common in aging, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Vascular calcification is now understood as a process akin to bone formation, not just degeneration.
  • Emerging research highlights molecular links between bone remodeling and vascular calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms linking bone remodeling and vascular calcification.
  • To explore how factors regulating bone metabolism impact vascular calcification.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding and treating these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on bone remodeling and vascular calcification.

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  • Analysis of molecular pathways common to both processes.
  • Synthesis of hypotheses regarding the interaction between osteoporosis and vascular calcification.

    • Main Results:

    • Impaired bone remodeling can alter calcium/phosphate balance, promoting vascular calcification.
    • Vascular calcification may precede or coincide with osteoporosis development.
    • Bone remodeling molecules (e.g., estrogen, PTH, vitamin D, RANK/RANKL/OPG, Wnt signaling) and inhibitors (e.g., MGP) are implicated in vascular calcification.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone remodeling factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification.
    • Understanding these shared mechanisms opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Targeting bone-related pathways may offer a unified approach to managing osteoporosis and vascular calcification.