Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 in grain based swine feed in Hungary

Fusarium genera can produce trichothecenes like deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin, which can occur in feed cereal grains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests of different Hungarian swine feedstuff proved that these mycotoxins were present. In this survey, 45 feed samples from 3 significant Hungarian swine feedstuff manufacturers were tested. ELISA methodology validation showed mean recovery rates in ranges from 85.3% to 98.1%, with intermediate precision of 86.9-96.9% and variation coefficients of 3.4-5.7% and 5.9-7.1%, respectively. The results showed that among Fusarium toxins, generally DON was present in the highest concentration, followed by T-2 and finally ZEN in all tested swine feeds. Each of the mycotoxins was found above the limit of detection in all swine feedstuffs. Boars feed's DON (average ± standard deviation was 872 ± 139 µg kg^-1) and ZEN (172 ± 18 µg kg^-1) results of one of the manufacturers were above the guidance values. It indicates the necessity for efficient monitoring of DON, ZEN and T-2 mycotoxins in swine feeds.