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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement and Expression in B-CLL.

T J Kipps1, L Z Rassenti1, S Duffy1

  • 1a Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|July 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) use specific antibody genes, suggesting non-random selection shapes the antibody repertoire in this common B cell malignancy.

Keywords:
B-CLLIg gene rearrangement

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are malignancies of CD5 B cells.
  • These malignant cells often express cross-reactive idiotypes (CRIs) found on autoantibodies.
  • CD5 B cells are implicated in autoantibody production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) gene usage in B-CLL.
  • To understand the molecular basis for the restricted antibody repertoire in B-CLL.
  • To explore the role of V gene rearrangement and selection in B-CLL pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Ig heavy chain sequences in B-CLL patient samples.
  • Comparison of V gene usage between malignant and normal B cells.
  • Investigation of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences and somatic hypermutation.

Main Results:

  • B-CLL cells frequently use a restricted set of conserved Ig V genes with minimal somatic hypermutation.
  • Despite potential diversity, structural similarities exist in CDR3 sequences of B-CLL expressing specific CRIs (e.g., G6).
  • This contrasts with greater CDR3 variation in normal B cells expressing the same CRI.

Conclusions:

  • Non-random Ig V gene rearrangement and selection influence the antibody repertoire in B-CLL.
  • The autoantibodies expressed in B-CLL may be selected based on antigen-binding activity.
  • These findings highlight a potential role for antigen selection in the pathogenesis of this common B cell malignancy.