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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells
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Autoimmunity against laminins.

Florina Florea1, Manuel Koch2, Takashi Hashimoto3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Regional Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|July 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmunity against laminins, key basement membrane proteins, is implicated in various diseases. Understanding anti-laminin antibodies is crucial for developing diagnostics and targeted therapies for autoimmune disorders.

Keywords:
Animal modelAntibodiesLupusPemphigoidVasculitisp200

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Laminins are essential basement membrane proteins critical for tissue structure and function.
  • Laminin defects cause severe phenotypes, and laminins are implicated in diseases like cancer, infections, and autoimmune disorders.
  • Specific laminin chains act as autoantigens in autoimmune conditions such as blistering skin diseases, collagenoses, and vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on autoimmunity targeting laminins.
  • To discuss experimental and clinical data regarding anti-laminin antibodies.
  • To explore the therapeutic implications of anti-laminin autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the role of laminin chains as autoantigens.
  • Examination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Laminins are recognized as autoantigens in several human autoimmune diseases.
  • Anti-laminin antibodies are associated with various pathological conditions.
  • Current understanding highlights the need for further research into specific laminin epitopes.

Conclusions:

  • Further investigation of laminin epitopes is essential for accurate diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Identifying specific antibody targets will enable the development of precise diagnostic tools.
  • This research will guide the design of more effective, targeted therapeutic interventions for anti-laminin autoimmunity.