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Peripheral blood flow changes in response to postexercise cold water immersion.

Hui C Choo1, Kazunori Nosaka1, Jeremiah J Peiffer2

  • 1Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
|July 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cold water immersion below 10°C prolonged reduced muscle perfusion after exercise. This suggests avoiding very cold water immersion for short-term recovery to maintain adequate blood flow.

Keywords:
Doppler ultrasoundcoolinglaser dopplernear-infrared spectroscopyrecovery

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Postexercise recovery strategies aim to optimize physiological restoration.
  • Water immersion (WI) is a common recovery method, but temperature effects on vascular function are not fully understood.
  • Heat stress during exercise may influence vascular responses during subsequent cooling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of postexercise water immersion at different temperatures on vascular function.
  • To assess the impact of cold water immersion (CWI) on muscle and skin perfusion.
  • To determine optimal water temperatures for short-term recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Nine men underwent a standardized exercise protocol followed by 5-minute water immersion at 8.6°C (WI9), 14.6°C (WI15), 35°C (WI35), or passive rest (CON).
  • Common femoral artery blood flow (CFA), muscle (total hemoglobin; tHb), and skin perfusion (cutaneous vascular conductance; CVC) were measured.
  • Core and peripheral temperatures were monitored throughout the recovery period.

Main Results:

  • Cold water immersion (WI9 and WI15) significantly reduced body, thigh skin, and muscle temperatures compared to WI35 and CON.
  • CWI (WI9 and WI15) led to lower CFA, tHb, and CVC compared to passive rest (CON).
  • Muscle perfusion (tHb) remained lower for 30 minutes post-immersion following WI9, indicating prolonged reduced blood flow.

Conclusions:

  • Postexercise water immersion below 10°C can lead to prolonged reductions in muscle perfusion.
  • Very cold water immersion may impair short-term recovery of vascular function.
  • Water immersion around 35°C or passive rest appears more suitable for maintaining perfusion in the initial recovery phase.