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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Leprosy Masquerading as Systemic Rheumatic Diseases.

Hala El-Gendy1, Rasmia M El-Gohary, Kyrillus S Shohdy

  • 1From the Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
|July 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy can initially present with rheumatologic symptoms like arthritis and vasculitis, mimicking systemic rheumatic diseases. Early recognition is crucial as these signs can be the sole indicators of leprosy.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, classically affects skin and peripheral nerves.
  • However, rheumatologic manifestations are common in leprosy, sometimes being the primary presentation.
  • Joint involvement is the most frequent extra-cutaneous manifestation of leprosy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and laboratory features of leprosy that mimic systemic rheumatic diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of considering leprosy in the differential diagnosis of rheumatologic conditions.
  • To present cases of leprosy presenting with rheumatologic symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted on PubMed using keywords: leprosy, arthritis, vasculitis, rheumatic diseases, autoantibodies.
  • Relevant studies were identified by scanning abstracts.
  • References from selected articles were also reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Leprosy can present with a spectrum of rheumatologic manifestations, including arthritis and vasculitis.
  • These manifestations can be mistaken for primary systemic rheumatic diseases.
  • Four Egyptian patients with leprosy presented with arthritis and vasculitis as initial symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Leprosy should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained rheumatologic symptoms.
  • Recognizing these rheumatologic masquerades can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of leprosy.
  • The study underscores the diverse clinical presentations of leprosy beyond its typical dermatologic and neurologic findings.