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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Malignant Melanoma: Beyond the Basics.

Sabrina N Pavri1,2, James Clune1,2, Stephan Ariyan1,2

  • 1New Haven, Conn.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|July 29, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers melanoma management, including biopsy, surgical margins, and special cases like subungual and auricular melanoma. It also discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy indications and emerging therapies for metastatic melanoma.

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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Oncology

Background:

  • Melanoma management is complex and evolving.
  • Plastic surgeons need to stay updated on recent advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the initial management of cutaneous malignant melanoma.
  • To review management options for specific melanoma types and situations.
  • To outline current and emerging therapies for melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines.
  • Discussion of diagnostic biopsy techniques and resection margins.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for localized and metastatic melanoma.

Main Results:

  • Excisional biopsy is the standard for melanoma diagnosis.
  • Resection margins should follow National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines based on Breslow depth.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy is indicated for intermediate and high-risk melanomas.
  • Pregnancy-associated melanomas can be managed with delayed sentinel lymph node biopsy.
  • Desmoplastic melanoma management remains controversial.
  • Treatment for subungual and auricular melanoma has become less radical.
  • Immunotherapy and targeted therapy show promise for metastatic melanoma.

Conclusions:

  • Current melanoma management involves precise surgical techniques and tailored approaches for specific patient groups.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy plays a crucial role in staging and treatment planning for many melanoma patients.
  • Advances in medical therapies offer new hope for patients with metastatic melanoma.