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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

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Associations between nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers.

Zhi Yu1, Vasanti S Malik2, NaNa Keum2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Section of Clinical Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA;

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|July 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Frequent nut consumption is linked to lower levels of key inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting a healthier profile. Replacing less healthy foods with nuts further reduces inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Keywords:
inflammatory biomarkersnutspeanut butterpeanutssubstitutiontree nuts

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Biomarkers
  • Chronic Disease Prevention

Background:

  • Nut consumption is linked to reduced cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk.
  • Associations between nut intake and inflammatory biomarkers remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate habitual nut consumption in relation to inflammatory biomarkers.
  • Analyze data from two large US cohorts of men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 5013 participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.
  • Nut intake estimated via food-frequency questionnaires; plasma biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, TNFR2) measured.
  • Multivariate linear regression used to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Higher nut intake associated with lower C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.
  • Associations remained significant after adjusting for various demographic, medical, dietary, and lifestyle factors.
  • Substituting nuts for red meat, processed meat, eggs, or refined grains significantly lowered CRP and IL-6.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent nut consumption is associated with a healthier inflammatory biomarker profile.
  • Dietary recommendations may benefit from including nuts to manage inflammation.