Eosinophilic esophagitis: current perspectives from diagnosis to management

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, antigen-mediated immune disorder of the esophagus.
• It presents with esophageal dysfunction and characteristic eosinophilic infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the key features of EoE, including its triggers, progression, and current therapeutic landscape.
• To highlight the need for effective treatments and ongoing research into novel therapies.

Main Methods:

• Histological examination to identify eosinophilia and other features.
• Clinical assessment of symptoms and disease progression.
• Review of current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• EoE is triggered by food and environmental allergens, leading to inflammation.
• Untreated EoE can progress to esophageal remodeling and strictures.
• Symptoms vary with age and disease phenotype (inflammatory to fibrostenotic).

Conclusions:

• EoE is a complex chronic disease with significant unmet therapeutic needs.
• No FDA-approved therapies currently exist, with management relying on diet, corticosteroids, and dilations.
• Emerging therapies targeting barrier function and inflammation show promise for future treatment.