Autoimmune Hepatitis and Seronegative Hepatitis Associated With Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Children

An association between hepatitis and aplastic anemia (AA) is known as hepatitis-associated AA, and is characterized by an acute attack of hepatitis followed by the development of AA. We report 2 clinical cases of acute seronegative hepatitis in which pancytopenia with mild dysplasia developed after 3 months; however, neither of our cases fulfilled the histological criteria of AA, but rather myelodysplastic syndrome. This novel association bears considerable resemblance to hepatitis-associated AA, and raises the question of whether hepatitis-associated dysmyelopoiesis should be included in the spectrum of hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome.