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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Anorectal emergencies.

Varut Lohsiriwat1

  • 1Varut Lohsiriwat, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Anorectal emergencies, including pain and bleeding, require prompt diagnosis and management. This review covers common conditions, their treatment, and post-procedure complications for clinicians.

Keywords:
AbscessAnorectalComplicationEmergenciesFissureHemorrhoidImperforate anusRectal cancerRectal prolapseSepsisSexually transmitted disease

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Anorectal emergencies encompass acute anal pain and bleeding, necessitating immediate clinical attention.
  • This review details the diagnosis and management of various anorectal emergencies, including hemorrhoids, fissures, prolapse, abscesses, and Fournier gangrene.

Discussion:

  • Accurate diagnosis hinges on detailed history and physical examination, including digital rectal examination and anoscopy.
  • Imaging modalities like endoanal ultrasonography and CT scans aid in complex cases.
  • Management strategies vary, emphasizing timely intervention and expert consultation when needed.

Key Insights:

  • Common anorectal emergencies range from thrombosed hemorrhoids and anal fissures to rectal prolapse and cancer.
  • Non-surgical emergencies like STDs and neonatal conditions are also addressed.
  • Early complications post-anorectal procedures, such as sepsis and retention, are critical considerations.

Outlook:

  • While many conditions are manageable outpatient, precise diagnosis and treatment remain challenging.
  • Consultation with colorectal surgeons is vital for complex cases and appropriate follow-up.
  • Continued focus on diagnostic accuracy and timely intervention will improve patient outcomes.