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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

31.8K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
31.8K
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

72
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
72
Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions01:22

Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions

9.3K
A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. For a chemical reaction to happen, atoms must collide with enough energy to overcome the repulsion between their electrons. This energy is called activation energy. Factors influencing the rate of reaction either lower the activation energy or increase the likelihood of a successful collision.
Concentration and Pressure:
The more particles present within a given space, the more likely those particles are to bump into one another....
9.3K
Activation Energy01:26

Activation Energy

88.6K
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
88.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.8K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.8K
Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

11.3K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
11.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

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When Inert Becomes Active: A Fascinating Route for Catalyst Design.

Andrey Lyalin1, Min Gao2,3, Tetsuya Taketsugu4,5

  • 1Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan. lyalin.andrey@nims.go.jp.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers theoretically designed novel nanocatalysts from abundant elements. They demonstrated that inert hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be functionalized into an active catalyst for oxygen reactions.

Keywords:
cluster compoundsgoldhexagonal boron nitridenanoparticlessupported catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental and energy-related nanocatalysis.
  • Materials science, focusing on atomic clusters and nanoparticles.

Background:

  • Nanocatalysis is crucial for environmental and energy applications.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing nanoparticle properties is key.
  • Traditional catalysts often rely on expensive or rare elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review seven years of research in environmental and energy-related nanocatalysis.
  • To explore the theoretical design of effective catalysts using cheap and abundant elements.
  • To demonstrate the functionalization of traditionally inert materials into active nanocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical design and analysis of atomic clusters and nanoparticles.
  • Investigating the influence of size, structure, morphology, and support effects on catalytic properties.
  • Focusing on functionalizing inert materials at the nanoscale.

Main Results:

  • Established that even inert materials can exhibit catalytic activity when engineered at the nanoscale.
  • Demonstrated the functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) for catalytic applications.
  • Showcased h-BN's activity in oxygen activation, oxidation by molecular oxygen, and oxygen reduction reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale engineering offers new pathways to design effective catalysts from abundant and previously overlooked materials.
  • Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be transformed from an inert substance into a functional nanocatalyst.
  • This approach advances sustainable catalysis for environmental and energy solutions.