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Differential relations between youth internalizing/externalizing problems and cortisol responses to performance vs.

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Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
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Understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress is key for psychopathology research. This study links HPA axis cortisol profiles to psychosocial adjustment in youth facing performance and interpersonal stressors.

Keywords:
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axiscortisolexternalizinginternalizinginterpersonal stressperformance stressyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is linked to psychopathology.
  • Previous research on HPA axis stress response has limitations, often neglecting interpersonal stressors crucial during adolescence.
  • Assessing HPA axis profiles requires diverse stressor evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between psychosocial adjustment (internalizing/externalizing problems, competence) and HPA axis cortisol responses.
  • To examine HPA axis reactivity to both performance and interpersonal stressors in children and adolescents.
  • To identify stressor- and sex-specific HPA axis profiles associated with youth adjustment.

Main Methods:

  • A normative sample of 59 children and adolescents participated.
  • Participants completed performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) and interpersonal (peer rejection) stress tasks.
  • Cortisol levels were measured from nine saliva samples and analyzed using hierarchical linear models.

Main Results:

  • Internalizing problems correlated with blunted cortisol responses to interpersonal stress in both sexes.
  • Externalizing problems were associated with lower, earlier cortisol peaks in response to performance stress, specifically in males.
  • Competence in females was linked to later cortisol peaking in response to interpersonal stress.

Conclusions:

  • HPA axis cortisol response patterns are differentially associated with psychosocial adjustment based on stressor type and sex.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering specific stress contexts and sex differences in HPA axis research for psychopathology.
  • This research provides a nuanced understanding of stress profiles relevant to different forms of youth psychopathology.