Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.4K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.4K
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

1.1K
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
1.1K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.9K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.9K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.5K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.5K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.8K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.8K
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

4.7K
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Viral capsid delivery of cGAMP enhances STING-dependent antitumor immune response.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Reliability-Aware Deep Learning Framework for Chemical Genotoxicity Prediction with Uncertainty Quantification.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Investigation of U(IV)-Oxalate Complexation Equilibria: Effects of Ionic Strength and Temperature.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Hydrocarbon Frameworks with Long-Range Order Synthesized via Olefin Metathesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Advancing chemical safety prediction: an integrated GNN framework with DFT-augmented cyclic compound solution.

Journal of cheminformatics·2026
Same author

Biosynthesis of Minimal C-Phycocyanin Chromophore Assemblies in <i>E. coli</i> Provides a Platform to Dissect Protein-Mediated Tuning of Exciton Transfer.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments
09:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments

Published on: November 1, 2024

2.9K

(129)Xe NMR Relaxation-Based Macromolecular Sensing.

Muller D Gomes1,2, Phuong Dao1,2, Keunhong Jeong1,2

  • 1Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel xenon-129 NMR relaxation sensor. This method enables sensitive detection of large molecules by measuring changes in xenon relaxation rates upon target binding.

More Related Videos

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

6.3K
Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments
09:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments

Published on: November 1, 2024

2.9K
15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

6.3K
Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Biomolecular Interaction Analysis

Background:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation is sensitive to molecular motion.
  • Cryptophane cages can encapsulate xenon (Xe) and be functionalized for target recognition.
  • Sensing applications often require amplification strategies for enhanced sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a xenon-129 NMR relaxation-based sensing approach for detecting large molecular targets.
  • To utilize the amplified signal from bulk dissolved xenon for sensitive detection.
  • To investigate the relationship between target binding, sensor tumbling, and xenon relaxation rates.

Main Methods:

  • A cryptophane-based sensor functionalized with a target interaction element and a metal chelating agent was designed.
  • The sensor was used to detect biotinylated targets binding to avidin.
  • Changes in the bulk (129)Xe NMR relaxation rate (T2) were measured upon target binding.

Main Results:

  • Target binding to the sensor significantly altered the rotational correlation time of the encapsulated xenon.
  • This alteration led to a measurable increase in the bulk xenon relaxation rate.
  • Upon binding of a biotin-containing sensor to avidin at 1.5 μM, the free xenon T2 was reduced by a factor of 4, demonstrating sensitive detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed (129)Xe NMR relaxation-based sensing approach effectively detects large macromolecular targets.
  • The amplification from bulk dissolved xenon enables sensitive detection of analytes.
  • This method offers a promising new avenue for sensitive biomolecular detection using NMR.