Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

687
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
687
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

354
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
354
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

397
A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to...
397
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

308
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
308
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

419
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
419
Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides01:20

Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides

294
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used to treat various bacterial infections. Clinicians must determine the elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (VD) to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. The k value represents the rate at which the drug is removed from the body, and the VD reflects the degree to which the drug distributes into body tissues. Accurately estimating these parameters allows healthcare professionals to tailor drug dosing to individual...
294

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Respiratory severity score patterns by birth gestational age among a cohort of extremely preterm infants.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Safety of Sildenafil in Premature Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (SILDI-SAFE): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Predicting pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Expectant Management vs Medication for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: The PDA Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA·2025
Same author

Dosing trajectories of antihypertensive agents among preterm neonates: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Opioid and sedative use in extremely preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

15.3K

Antimicrobial Agent Dosing in Infants.

Jacob K Johnson1, Matthew M Laughon1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Clinical Therapeutics
|July 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Infant physiology significantly impacts how antimicrobial drugs are processed. Renal maturation in premature infants is a key factor influencing drug effectiveness and safety.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Infant physiology differs significantly from adult physiology.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for safe and effective medication use in neonates.
  • Antimicrobial agents require specific pharmacokinetic considerations in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review infant physiology.
  • To examine the effects of infant physiology on pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobial agents.
  • To compare infant and adult drug dosing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of drug development processes.
  • Systematic literature search on antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in infants.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic data in relation to infant maturation.
Keywords:
Antibioticsantifungalsantiviralsinfantspharmacokinetics

More Related Videos

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
08:33

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.1K
A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically
11:28

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically

Published on: September 9, 2015

29.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

15.3K
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
08:33

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.1K
A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically
11:28

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically

Published on: September 9, 2015

29.9K

Main Results:

  • Renal maturation in premature infants is a primary determinant of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics.
  • Hepatic metabolism and volume of distribution also commonly influence drug processing.
  • Significant differences exist between infant and adult drug dosing and intervals.

Conclusions:

  • Continued pharmacokinetic data collection in infants is essential.
  • Ensuring adequate drug safety and appropriate dosing in neonates is vital.
  • Physiological immaturity in infants necessitates tailored antimicrobial dosing strategies.