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Association Between Parenting Style and Socio-Emotional and Academic Functioning in Children With and Without ADHD: A
Sampada Bhide1,2, Emma Sciberras1,2,3,4, Vicki Anderson1,2,3
11 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Objective:
In a community-based study, we examined parenting style and its relationship to functioning in 6- to 8-year-old children ( n = 391; 66.2% male) with ADHD ( n = 179), compared with non-ADHD controls ( n = 212).
Method:
Parenting style was assessed using parent-reported (93.5% female) measures of warmth, consistency, and anger. Child socio-emotional and academic functioning was measured via parent- and teacher-reported scales, and direct academic assessment.
Results:
Parents reported less consistency and more anger in the ADHD group compared with non-ADHD controls, with no differences in warmth. Parenting warmth, consistency, and anger were associated with parent-reported aspects of socio-emotional functioning for children with ADHD and non-ADHD controls, after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, externalizing comorbidities, and ADHD symptom severity. Parenting style was no longer related to academic functioning and most teacher-reported outcomes after adjustment.
Conclusion:
Generic parenting interventions that promote warm, consistent, and calm parenting may help alleviate socio-emotional impairments in children with ADHD.
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Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Autism Spectrum Disorder
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

