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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release
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Xylan-based temperature/pH sensitive hydrogels for drug controlled release.

Cundian Gao1, Junli Ren1, Cui Zhao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|July 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel xylan-based hydrogels, sensitive to temperature and pH, were developed for targeted drug delivery. These biocompatible materials demonstrate high drug encapsulation and controlled release, showing promise for oral medications.

Keywords:
BiocompatibilityDrug releaseHydrogelsTemperature/pH sensitivityXylan

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Xylan, a natural polysaccharide, offers a sustainable base for advanced material development.
  • Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are crucial for controlled and targeted therapeutic applications.
  • Developing efficient oral drug delivery systems remains a significant challenge in pharmaceuticals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel xylan-based hydrogels sensitive to temperature and pH.
  • To investigate the impact of varying component concentrations on hydrogel properties.
  • To evaluate the potential of these hydrogels as carriers for intestinal-targeted oral drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Crosslinking copolymerization of xylan with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AA) using UV irradiation.
  • Characterization of hydrogel morphology and interactions via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • Assessment of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and evaluation of drug release kinetics and biocompatibility using MTT assay.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 34°C, which increased with higher acrylic acid content.
  • Achieved high drug (acetylsalicylic acid) encapsulation efficiency of 97.60%.
  • Demonstrated significantly different cumulative drug release rates in intestinal (90.12%) versus gastric (26.35%) simulated fluids.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized xylan-based hydrogels possess tunable temperature and pH sensitivity.
  • These hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility with NIH3T3 cells.
  • The developed hydrogels show significant potential as effective carriers for intestinal-targeted oral drug delivery.