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Bowhead whale localization using asynchronous hydrophones in the Chukchi Sea.

Graham A Warner1, Stan E Dosso1, David E Hannay2

  • 1School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Suite 405A, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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PubMed
Summary

Researchers precisely located bowhead whales in the Chukchi Sea using Bayesian inversion of their unique calls. This method accurately determined whale positions and reduced uncertainties without needing prior environmental data.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine bioacoustics
  • Oceanography
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Accurate whale localization is crucial for marine mammal research and conservation.
  • Understanding bowhead whale movements in the Arctic is vital due to environmental changes.
  • Previous methods for whale tracking faced limitations in shallow, complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for estimating bowhead whale locations and uncertainties.
  • To analyze bowhead whale calls recorded in the Chukchi Sea using advanced acoustic techniques.
  • To assess the impact of environmental parameters and clock drift on localization accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Non-linear Bayesian inversion of modally-dispersed bowhead whale calls.
  • Warping time-frequency analysis to extract relative mode arrival times.
  • Joint inversion of multiple calls recorded on asynchronous ocean-bottom hydrophones.

Main Results:

  • Bowhead whale locations were estimated with uncertainties of 30-160 meters.
  • Relative recorder clock drift uncertainties were reduced to 3-26 milliseconds.
  • Accurate localization was achieved without requiring prior environmental knowledge.
  • Joint inversion of multiple calls significantly reduced uncertainties in location and source parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Bayesian inversion method provides accurate and reliable bowhead whale localization in the Chukchi Sea.
  • This technique effectively handles shallow water environments and asynchronous hydrophone recordings.
  • The findings contribute to improved marine mammal monitoring and ecological studies in Arctic regions.