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Smart magnetic markers use in hydraulic fracturing
Jarosław Zawadzki1, Jan Bogacki1
1Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland.
Chemosphere
|August 1, 2016
Summary
Smart magnetic markers can improve shale gas extraction by tracking hydraulic fracturing fluid and proppant distribution. ZnMn ferrites are promising, but require composite development for enhanced mechanical strength and efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Petroleum Engineering
- Geophysics
Background:
- Assessing hydraulic fracturing range and efficiency is crucial for shale gas exploration.
- Proppant distribution is key to maintaining fracture pathways for gas extraction.
- Smart magnetic markers offer a potential solution for real-time monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of magnetic markers in shale gas extraction.
- To evaluate different magnetic materials for fracturing fluid applications.
- To identify optimal materials and composite structures for magnetic markers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of electromagnetic imaging methods for hydraulic fracturing.
- Analysis of magnetic properties of ferrofluids, ferrites (ZnMn), and nanomaterials.
- Evaluation of material cost, availability, and mechanical properties.
Main Results:
- Ferrofluids and nanomaterials present cost or property limitations.
- ZnMn ferrites offer a balance of cost, availability, and magnetic properties.
- Ferrites' low mechanical strength necessitates composite development with proppants.
Conclusions:
- ZnMn ferrites are the most suitable magnetic marker material for shale gas extraction.
- Developing magnetic-ceramic composites is essential to overcome ferrite mechanical limitations.
- Magnetic markers integrated with proppants can enhance fracturing efficiency and monitoring.
