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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Mary Hil Edens1, Yasser Khaled1, Joel J Napeñas1
1Oral Medicine Residency Program, Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Healthcare System, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
Intraoral pain from dental and oral diseases requires prompt medical and dental attention. This review covers common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of oral pain conditions.
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