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Related Concept Videos

Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

8.5K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures
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Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

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Brain stiffness increases with myelin content.

J Weickenmeier1, R de Rooij1, S Budday2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|August 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain tissue stiffness is directly proportional to myelin content, explaining variations in brain mechanics. This finding has implications for understanding brain development and diseases like multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:
BrainIndentationMechanical testingMyelinSoft matterStiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Brain stiffness is crucial for neuronal development and disease.
  • Reported brain stiffness values vary significantly, but the underlying causes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain tissue microstructure and mechanical stiffness.
  • To determine the role of myelin content in brain stiffness variations.

Main Methods:

  • Performed 116 indentation tests on six bovine brains.
  • Conducted histological characterization, including hematoxylin and eosin and luxol fast blue staining.
  • Quantified local myelin content using image analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cerebral white matter stiffness (1.33±0.63 kPa) was significantly higher than gray matter stiffness (0.68±0.20 kPa).
  • Brain white matter stiffness varied by a factor of four within individual brains.
  • White matter stiffness showed a strong positive correlation with myelin content (ρ=0.91, p<0.01), increasing from 0.72 kPa to 2.45 kPa as myelin content rose from 64% to 89%.

Conclusions:

  • Brain tissue stiffness is directly proportional to local myelin content.
  • Myelin plays a significant role in providing structural support and mechanical stiffness to the brain.
  • Findings may explain developmental differences in brain vulnerability and suggest stiffness alterations as potential biomarkers for demyelinating diseases.