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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Complement analysis 2016: Clinical indications, laboratory diagnostics and quality control.

Zoltán Prohászka1, Bo Nilsson2, Ashley Frazer-Abel3

  • 13rd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Laboratory and Füst György Complement Diagnostic Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Immunobiology
|August 1, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expanded complement analysis aids disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Proper complement testing is crucial due to its role in various disorders, but standardization is needed.

Keywords:
Complement analysisDiagnostic techniques and proceduresExternal quality assessment (EQA)IndicationPre-analyticsQuality control

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Clinical Chemistry
  • Focus on the complement system's role in health and disease
  • Interdisciplinary relevance across nephrology, neurology, ophthalmology, and dermatology

Background:

  • Complement system analysis has evolved beyond C3 and C4, revealing its involvement in diverse diseases.
  • Historically, complement deficiency was linked to severe infections; now, its role in autoimmune diseases, hereditary angioedema, and renal pathologies is recognized.
  • Emerging evidence implicates complement in neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological conditions, highlighting the need for accurate diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To underscore the importance of comprehensive complement analysis in modern diagnostics and therapy.
  • To address the challenges and variability in current complement testing methodologies.
  • To advocate for standardization in complement analysis for improved accuracy and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of complement's role in various diseases.
  • Identification of limitations in existing complement testing assays and inter-laboratory variations.
  • Discussion of the need for standardized assays and reference materials for complement proteins and activation products.

Main Results:

  • Expanded complement analysis provides precise differential diagnoses and monitors complement-targeted therapies.
  • Significant impact of complement in nephropathies has led to reclassification of rare kidney diseases.
  • Variability in laboratory analysis, lack of standardized assays, and need for measuring complement activation products are key issues.

Conclusions:

  • Proper complement testing is essential for diagnosing and managing a wide range of diseases.
  • Standardization of complement analysis is critical to overcome inter-laboratory variations and ensure reliable results.
  • Formation of a standardization committee by ICS and IUIS aims to provide guidelines for modern complement analysis and international testing programs.