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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
[The effects of instruction about strategies for efficient calculation]
Abstract:
Calculation problems such as "12x7÷3" can be solved rapidly and easily by using certain techniques; we call these problems "efficient calculation problems." However, it has been pointed out that many students do not always solve them efficiently. In the present study, we examined the effects of an intervention on 35 seventh grade students (23 males, 12 females). The students were instructed to use an overview strategy that stated, "Think carefully about the whole expression", and were then taught three sub-strategies. The results showed that students solved similar problems efficiently after the intervention and the effects were preserved for five months.
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