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Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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The Van der Waals Equation01:26

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The ideal gas law is based on two simplifying assumptions: first, that there are no intermolecular attractions between gas molecules, and second, that the volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligible compared with the volume of the container. However, these assumptions don't hold up under all conditions - specifically, at high pressures and low temperatures, as gas tends to deviate from ideal gas behavior.The van der Waals equation is an enhanced version of the ideal gas law,...
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Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

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According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures.

Deep Jariwala1, Tobin J Marks1,2, Mark C Hersam1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

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|August 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore novel mixed-dimensional heterostructures combining two-dimensional (2D) materials with other dimensions (0D, 1D, 3D). This survey highlights challenges and opportunities for these advanced van der Waals (vdW) materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The isolation of two-dimensional (2D) materials has enabled the creation of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures.
  • vdW heterostructures integrate distinct 2D materials through non-covalent interactions.
  • The concept can extend to include non-2D materials, forming mixed-dimensional heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a survey of emerging mixed-dimensional (2D + nD) heterostructure devices.
  • To compare and contrast these with all-2D vdW heterostructures and conventional technologies.
  • To highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research.
  • Focus on heterostructures integrating 2D materials with 0D, 1D, or 3D components.
  • Comparative analysis of device performance and fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructures offer unique properties by combining different material dimensions.
  • These structures face challenges in fabrication, interface control, and scalability.
  • Opportunities lie in novel device functionalities and applications.

Conclusions:

  • Mixed-dimensional heterostructures represent a promising frontier in materials science.
  • Further research is needed to overcome fabrication challenges and unlock full potential.
  • These advanced materials could lead to next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.