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Multiple reproductive barriers separate recently diverged sunflower ecotypes.

Katherine L Ostevik1, Rose L Andrew2, Sarah P Otto3

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Summary

Reproductive barriers form early in speciation, even in recently diverged sunflower ecotypes. Multiple barriers, including extrinsic selection and pollinator shifts, reduce gene flow during early ecological speciation.

Keywords:
Ecological divergenceHelianthus petiolarisincipient speciationpollen competitionreciprocal transplantsand dune adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding reproductive barriers is key to identifying traits and mechanisms that impede gene flow.
  • Distinguishing early-stage speciation barriers from those arising post-speciation is crucial for ecological and evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively test for reproductive isolation between recently diverged dune and nondune ecotypes of Helianthus petiolaris.
  • To identify the specific barriers (pre-mating, post-mating-prezygotic, postzygotic) acting between these ecotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reproductive isolation in recently diverged (<10,000 years bp) prairie sunflower ecotypes.
  • Assessment of multiple stages of hybridization, including premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic barriers.

Main Results:

  • Significant reproductive barriers were detected at multiple stages of hybridization between dune and nondune Helianthus petiolaris ecotypes.
  • Identified barriers include extrinsic selection against immigrants and hybrids, a shift in pollinator assemblages, and postpollination assortative mating.
  • These barriers effectively reduce gene flow despite the recent divergence of the ecotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple reproductive barriers can play a significant role in reducing gene flow during the earliest stages of speciation.
  • These findings highlight the importance of ecological factors and assortative mating in initiating the speciation process.