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Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones Are Potential Active Factors in Thyroid Tumorigenesis

Elena Uyy¹, Viorel I Suica¹, Raluca M Boteanu¹

¹Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" , 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, P.O. Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania.

Journal of Proteome Research

|August 3, 2016

Summary

Thyroid cancer diagnosis can be improved by identifying specific protein changes. This study found key proteins in endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and thyroid hormone synthesis that distinguish benign tumors from malignant papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Area of Science:

Proteomics
Oncology
Biochemistry

Background:

Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a common thyroid malignancy.
Distinguishing between benign follicular adenoma and malignant carcinoma is clinically important.
Proteomic analysis offers a way to identify novel biomarkers for thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate proteomic differences between benign follicular adenoma and malignant follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
To identify potential protein biomarkers for differentiating these thyroid conditions.
To correlate tissue protein expression with serum levels.

Main Methods:

Liquid nanochromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for proteomic profiling.
Label-free quantification to assess protein abundance.
Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for validation.

Main Results:

Deregulated expression of four endoplasmic reticulum chaperones (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, endoplasmin, calnexin, protein disulfide-isomerase A4), glutathione peroxidase 3, and thyroglobulin was observed.
These proteins are involved in the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway.
Altered protein levels in thyroid tissue correlated with serum expression levels.
Identified proteins effectively discriminated between adenoma and carcinoma in both tissue and serum samples.

Conclusions:

Specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and other proteins are significantly altered in thyroid cancer.
These proteins serve as potential biomarkers for differentiating benign follicular adenoma from malignant papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Proteomic analysis of tissue and serum holds promise for improved thyroid cancer diagnostics.

Keywords:

endoplasmic reticulum chaperone mass spectrometry thyroid cancer biomarkers

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