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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Selective directed self-assembly of coexisting morphologies using block copolymer blends.

A Stein¹, G Wright¹, K G Yager¹

¹Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Nature Communications

|August 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers enables simultaneous formation of diverse nanostructures. This advanced technique uses a blend of polymers on chemical gratings to create coexisting line/space and dot array patterns in a single step.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Directed self-assembly (DSA) is a key nanofabrication technique.
Traditional DSA is limited to single, ordered morphologies per fabrication step.
Existing methods struggle to create coexisting, complex nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

To expand the capabilities of directed self-assembly (DSA).
To achieve simultaneous formation of multiple, coexisting nanostructures.
To develop a versatile nanofabrication method using block copolymer blends.

Main Methods:

Utilized a blend of lamellar- and cylinder-forming block copolymers.
Employed specially designed surface chemical line gratings as templates.
Investigated the influence of pattern pitch and linewidth on self-assembly outcomes.

Main Results:

Achieved simultaneous formation of coexisting ordered morphologies (line/space and dot arrays).
Demonstrated control over pattern formation by tuning substrate prepattern features.
Showcased a method for creating complex, multi-motif nanostructures from a single resist.

Conclusions:

The developed DSA approach overcomes limitations of single-morphology fabrication.
Chemical templates can encode desired local spatial arrangements of coexisting nanostructures.
This method offers a sophisticated route to advanced nano-patterning.