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Does the polystomatic gland exist?

M Imai, T Shibata, K Moriguchi

    Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
    |March 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The polystomatic sublingual gland, characterized by multiple excretory ducts, does not exist due to embryological impossibility. This study clarifies terminology for sublingual and minor salivary glands for accurate anatomical understanding.

    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Embryology
    • Histology

    Background:

    • The sublingual gland is often described as polystomatic, possessing a major duct and minor ducts.
    • This classification implies a single gland with multiple excretory pathways, a concept challenged by embryological principles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the existence of the polystomatic sublingual gland.
    • To clarify the anatomical and embryological distinctions between the sublingual gland and minor salivary glands.
    • To propose standardized terminology for these structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of anatomical and embryological literature.
    • Comparative analysis of gland structures and their excretory systems.
    • Histological examination of salivary gland development.

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    Main Results:

    • The formation of a single gland with multiple excretory ducts is embryologically impossible, refuting the existence of a polystomatic sublingual gland.
    • The sublingual gland and the minor sublingual glands are distinct entities with different embryological origins and ductal systems.
    • Existing terms like "gl. sublingualis major" are redundant; "gl. sublingualis" and its "ductus sublingualis" are sufficient.

    Conclusions:

    • The term "polystomatic gland" is inaccurate for the sublingual gland.
    • Recommended terminology includes "gl. sublingualis" with its "ductus sublingualis" and "g11. sublinguales minores" with their "ductus sublinguales minores".
    • Other glands, such as the anterior lingual, retromolar, and lacrimal glands, are also groups of independent glands, not single entities.