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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Conduct Disorder01:28

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
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Related Experiment Video

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Misclassification of Self-Directed Violence.

Jan Christopher Cwik1, Tobias Teismann1

  • 1Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
|August 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Misclassification of self-directed violence is common, with over half of cases misdiagnosed regardless of expertise. Women and individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder were more frequently misclassified, highlighting training needs in suicidology.

Keywords:
ClassificationDiagnostic BiasesNon-Suicidal Self-Directed ViolenceSuicideSuicide Attempt

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Inconsistent nomenclature in suicidology has persisted.
  • The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended a specific classification system.
  • This study addresses misdiagnosis of self-directed violence, considering expertise, gender, and diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess misclassification rates of self-directed violence.
  • To evaluate the influence of professional expertise on classification accuracy.
  • To examine the impact of gender and specific diagnoses on misclassification.

Main Methods:

  • 426 participants (laypersons to licensed psychotherapists) classified vignettes of self-directed violence.
  • Case vignettes systematically varied gender and diagnosis.
  • Classification accuracy was compared across expertise levels.

Main Results:

  • Over half (51.6%) of self-directed violence acts were misclassified.
  • Expertise level showed minimal impact on classification correctness.
  • Higher misclassification rates were linked to female characters and Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis.
  • Psychotherapists reported higher confidence despite similar accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Misclassification of suicidal and non-suicidal self-directed violence is prevalent.
  • Professional expertise offers limited improvement in classification accuracy.
  • Standardized diagnostic tools are crucial for accurate assessment of self-directed violence.
  • Enhanced training in suicidology and diagnostic methods is recommended for mental health professionals.