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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

3.5K
If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
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Published on: June 3, 2009

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Contact Force Compensated Thermal Stimulators for Holistic Haptic Interfaces.

Jai Kyoung Sim, Young-Ho Cho

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |August 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a thermal stimulator that maintains consistent skin temperature regardless of contact force. A novel force-based feedback system significantly improves temperature sensation consistency by 83.2%.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Haptics and Human-Computer Interaction
    • Thermal Science

    Background:

    • Passive thermal stimulators struggle to provide consistent skin temperature due to force-dependent thermal contact resistance.
    • Inconsistent heat conduction from thermal stimulators affects temperature perception.
    • Existing technologies lack adaptability to variations in contact force during use.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a contact force compensated thermal stimulator for consistent temperature sensation.
    • To eliminate the influence of varying contact forces on skin temperature.
    • To enhance the reliability of thermal displays in haptic interfaces.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a force-based feedback system to monitor and control heat source voltage based on contact force.

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  • Created an equivalent heat circuit model for skin heat transfer.
  • Utilized numerical estimation simulations to determine optimal voltage control for constant heat transfer rate.
  • Experimentally validated the system by measuring skin temperature under varying contact forces (1-3 N).

    • Main Results:

    • Numerical estimation yielded a voltage equation for heat source control, linear in the 1-3 N contact force range.
    • Without feedback control, the coefficient of variation (CV) for skin heat transfer rate was 11.9%.
    • With force-based feedback control, the CV of skin heat transfer rate was reduced to 2.0%, an 83.2% improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed contact force compensated thermal stimulator provides consistent temperature sensation independent of contact force.
    • This technology significantly improves the reliability and consistency of thermal feedback.
    • High potential for application in advanced haptic interfaces and thermal displays.