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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
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This study explores the shift in strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) research from reductionist to emergent approaches. It highlights using experimental phenomenology to uncover organizing principles before building microscopic models.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Early research on strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) employed a reductionist, top-down approach.
  • A paradigm shift towards a bottom-up, emergent approach is now central to the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the evolution of SCES research from reductionist to emergent paradigms.
  • To apply emergent principles to understand phenomena in SCES and related systems.
  • To investigate the role of paradigm change in addressing key challenges in SCES.

Main Methods:

  • Phenomenological analysis of experimental data to identify organizing principles.
  • Development of microscopic models informed by emergent behavior.
  • Application of the random phase approximation (RPA).

Main Results:

  • The emergent approach successfully explains phenomena like plasmons, quasiparticles, and conventional superconductivity.
  • Principles are extended to helium liquids, nuclei, and neutron star matter.
  • Paradigm change is crucial for understanding heavy electrons and unconventional superconductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The bottom-up emergent approach is vital for advancing SCES research.
  • Understanding emergent behavior is key to solving complex problems in condensed matter physics.
  • This perspective is essential for future discoveries in novel superconducting materials.