Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

1.4K
Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
1.4K
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

1.8K
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
1.8K
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

1.2K
Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
1.2K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

7.2K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
7.2K
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

15.2K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
15.2K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.8K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Naphthalimide-mediated multitargeting antibacterial actions to enhance efficacy and broaden antibacterial spectrum of nitroimidazolyl ethylalcohols.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

A facile one-pot synthesis to access unique benzopyranonyl cyanopyrimidinols with multitargeting potential against resistant bacteria.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Unique Thiazolidinedione Conjugation of Metronidazole to Largely Enhance the Antibacterial Performance of Natural Berberine against Bacterial Pathogens.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Novel naphthalimide-derived cephalosporins as potential multitargeting anti-MRSA candidates.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Iminocarbamoyl-hybridized nitrofuranylcoumarins as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with multitargeting potential.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Novel aminophosphoryl hybridization of natural berberine and heterocyclic azoles with large potential to combat global increasing bacterial resistance.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils
07:47

Author Spotlight: An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils

Published on: April 7, 2023

9.0K

New Progress in Azole Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents.

Hui-Zhen Zhang1, Lin-Ling Gan, Hui Wang

  • 1Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Lunan Chinese Herbal Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China.

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|August 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights recent advancements in azole derivatives as novel antimicrobial agents. These compounds show promise in combating drug-resistant microbes and emerging pathogens, offering new therapeutic avenues.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds
07:13

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2025

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance
06:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: September 27, 2024

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils
07:47

Author Spotlight: An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils

Published on: April 7, 2023

9.0K
Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds
07:13

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2025

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance
06:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: September 27, 2024

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Rising antimicrobial resistance and emerging pathogens pose significant global health threats.
  • Existing antimicrobial drugs face limitations, necessitating the development of novel agents with distinct mechanisms.
  • Azole derivatives are a rapidly developing area of research due to their broad biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in the development of azole derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
  • To cover various classes of azole derivatives, including mono-, bis-, tri-nitrogen, and tetrazole structures.
  • To provide insights for designing new, highly effective azole-based drugs with reduced toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of azole derivatives published in the last three years.
  • Analysis of research on azole compounds and their antimicrobial properties.
  • Categorization of azole derivatives based on nitrogen content (mono-, bis-, tri-nitrogen, tetrazoles).

Main Results:

  • Azole derivatives demonstrate potential as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, and antiviral agents.
  • Specific examples include oxazoles, thiazoles, carbazoles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, benzimidazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles, and tetrazoles.
  • The review synthesizes recent findings on the efficacy and development of these compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Azole derivatives represent a promising class of compounds for addressing antimicrobial resistance.
  • Further research and development are crucial for optimizing bioactivity and minimizing toxicity.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for future drug design in antimicrobial therapy.