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Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Related Experiment Video

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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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Revisiting protein structure, function, and evolution in the genomic era.

Joseph M Jez1

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB1137 St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
|August 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Protein sequence changes drive protein structure and function evolution. Understanding these evolutionary relationships aids in assessing biotechnology product safety.

Keywords:
DomainsGenomesProtein evolutionProtein functionProtein structureSequence comparisons

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Vast genomic and structural data (60M+ sequences, 1400+ folds) enable protein evolution studies.
  • Protein families and folds reveal evolutionary relationships.
  • Understanding sequence-function links is crucial for biological and chemical sciences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the basics of protein structure and evolution.
  • To detail how sequence changes affect protein structure and function.
  • To highlight the role of protein domains in evolution and safety assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing genomic and structural databases.
  • Analysis of evolutionary relationships between protein sequences and structures.
  • Exploration of domain evolution.

Main Results:

  • Gene sequence alterations lead to protein structure diversity.
  • Evolution shapes protein function through structural changes.
  • Protein domains play a key role in evolutionary processes.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary insights into protein structure and function are critical.
  • Understanding protein evolution aids in evaluating biotechnology product safety.
  • This review serves as a primer for exploring protein sequence-structure-function dynamics.