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Association between Breast Milk and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Single Center Observational Study

Luciana T Fonseca1, Denise C Senna1, Rita C Silveira2

  • 1Neonatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital da Criança Conceição (HCC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

American Journal of Perinatology
|August 4, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Breast milk (BM) feeding significantly lowers the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low-birth-weight infants. Higher BM intake during the first six weeks is linked to reduced BPD incidence, highlighting its protective role.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns, often linked to oxidative stress.
  • Breast milk (BM) offers antioxidant properties that may mitigate oxidative stress and protect against BPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential protective effect of breast milk (BM) on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in VLBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study included VLBW infants (birth weight <1,500g and/or gestational age <32 weeks) born between January 2011 and October 2014.
  • BPD was defined as requiring supplementary oxygen for ≥28 days.
  • Data on BM intake were collected and analyzed in relation to BPD incidence.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of BPD was 29.1% among the studied VLBW infants.
  • Infants without BPD received a significantly higher median amount of BM (10.8 mL/kg/day) compared to those with BPD (2.3 mL/kg/day) in the first 6 weeks.
  • BM intake showed an inverse association with BPD incidence, with a protective effect observed at an average intake of 7 mL/kg/day within the first 42 days of life.

Conclusions:

  • Breast milk (BM) feeding is associated with a reduced risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in VLBW infants.
  • Adequate intake of BM appears crucial for the prevention of BPD in this vulnerable population.

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