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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.8K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

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Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

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Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
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Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
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Photoinduced Multicomponent Reactions.

Silvia Garbarino1,2, Davide Ravelli1, Stefano Protti1

  • 1Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multicomponent reactions combined with light offer sustainable synthetic chemistry solutions. These photoinduced reactions are emerging, promising efficient and eco-friendly chemical synthesis pathways.

Keywords:
carbonylationlight-induced reactionsmulticomponent reactionsradical cascade reactionsradical ions

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic organic chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Green chemistry

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable, atom- and energy-efficient chemical reactions.
  • Current limitations in traditional synthetic methodologies.
  • Potential for light-driven processes to revolutionize chemical synthesis.

Approach:

  • Integrating multicomponent reactions with light-driven processes.
  • Exploring photoinduced multicomponent reactions.
  • Developing novel sustainable synthetic strategies.

Key Points:

  • Photoinduced multicomponent reactions represent a novel frontier in organic synthesis.
  • These reactions offer enhanced efficiency and sustainability.
  • The field is rapidly developing with significant future potential.

Conclusions:

  • The synergy between multicomponent strategies and photochemistry opens new avenues in synthetic organic chemistry.
  • Photoinduced multicomponent reactions are poised to become a cornerstone of green chemistry.
  • Further research is expected to yield significant advancements in sustainable synthesis.