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Disability Divides in India: Evidence from the 2011 Census
Nandita Saikia1, Jayanta Kumar Bora2, Domantas Jasilionis3
1Centre for Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Plos One
|August 5, 2016
Summary
Disability prevalence in India is higher among women, rural populations, and marginalized castes. Public health policies must address these socioeconomic and regional disparities for effective intervention.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Sociology
Background:
- Disability prevalence in India exhibits significant socioeconomic and regional disparities.
- Understanding these divides is crucial for developing targeted public health policies and programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify disability prevalence across gender, rural-urban settings, states, districts, and caste groups in India.
- To analyze the association between disability prevalence and district-level socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 2011 Census data to calculate age-standardized disability prevalence (ASDP).
- Employed regression analysis to examine relationships between disability rates and various district characteristics.
Main Results:
- ASDP is higher among women, rural residents, Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Scheduled Castes (SCs).
- District disability rates correlate positively with urbanization, aging populations (≥65 years), ST/SC populations, and poor housing.
- Disability prevalence decreases with increased female literacy, employment, and access to safe drinking water.
Conclusions:
- Disability burden is unevenly distributed geographically and socioeconomically, necessitating tailored public health strategies in India.
- Recommends modifying the census definition of disability for improved international comparability of prevalence estimates.
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