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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

783
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
783
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

720
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
720
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

689
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
689
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

620
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
620
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

1.1K
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
1.1K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

533
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
533

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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Pulmonary Hypertension.

Peter Oishi1, Jeffrey R Fineman

  • 1Both authors: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|August 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension, often linked to congenital heart disease, poses significant risks. Right ventricular failure is the primary cause of mortality in these critically ill children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension in children, particularly when associated with congenital heart disease, represents a critical clinical challenge.
  • Congenital cardiac defects can lead to abnormal pulmonary blood flow or venous drainage, causing vascular changes.
  • Right ventricular dysfunction is a key factor in the progression and severity of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the clinical classification and diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiology, emphasizing right ventricular function and ventricular interaction.
  • To outline current management strategies and therapeutic options for this high-risk population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases.
  • Review focused on clinical classification, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management.
  • Emphasis on the role of congenital heart disease and right ventricular function.

Main Results:

  • Children with pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease are a high-risk group.
  • Increased pulmonary blood flow or impaired venous drainage from cardiac defects initiates vascular pathology.
  • Right ventricular failure is the most direct cause of mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease requires specialized management.
  • Understanding the interplay between cardiac defects, pulmonary vasculature, and right ventricular function is crucial.
  • Effective management strategies are essential to reduce mortality, primarily linked to right ventricular failure.