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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis PMU as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
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PEMBROLIZUMAB ADMINISTRATION ASSOCIATED WITH POSTERIOR UVEITIS.

Michael T Aaberg1, Thomas M Aaberg

  • 1*Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; and †Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Retinal Cases & Brief Reports
|August 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma can cause uveitis and retinal vasculitis. Patients should be monitored for these ocular side effects during immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Metastatic uveal melanoma is a rare and aggressive cancer.
  • Immunotherapy, such as pembrolizumab, is increasingly used for advanced cancers.
  • Ocular side effects of immunotherapy require careful monitoring.

Observation:

  • A patient with metastatic uveal melanoma developed nongranulomatous panuveitis after pembrolizumab treatment.
  • Clinical findings included blurred vision, perivascular retinal pigment epithelium changes, venous sheathing, and optic disk edema.
  • Treatment with a sustained-release dexamethasone implant led to regression of uveitis.

Findings:

  • Pembrolizumab is associated with the development of uveitis and retinal vasculitis.
  • The patient experienced a relapse of symptoms, which resolved with repeat treatment.
  • Gene expression profiling indicated Class 2 melanoma, a subtype associated with poorer prognosis.

Implications:

  • Patients receiving pembrolizumab for metastatic uveal melanoma should be educated about potential ocular side effects.
  • Regular ophthalmological monitoring is crucial for early detection and management of immunotherapy-induced uveitis.
  • Understanding these adverse events can improve patient outcomes and treatment tolerance.