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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment.

Lindsay A Zilliox1, Krish Chadrasekaran1, Justin Y Kwan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

Current Diabetes Reports
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are linked to cognitive decline and brain changes. Early detection and understanding the multifactorial causes are crucial for managing diabetes-related cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
BrainDementiaDiabetesEncephalopathyMRIMitochondriaNeuropathyTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with cognitive deficits and abnormal brain MRI findings.
  • Cognitive impairment in diabetes can manifest early and worsen with metabolic syndrome, influenced by duration and glycemic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction.
  • To investigate the underlying pathophysiology of diabetes-related cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetes, cognitive function, and brain imaging (MRI).
  • Analysis of factors influencing cognitive deficits, including diabetes duration, glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes mellitus is linked to reduced performance across multiple cognitive domains.
  • Evidence suggests structural and functional brain abnormalities in individuals with diabetes.
  • Pathophysiology involves complex metabolic signaling disruptions, including insulin, autonomic, neuroinflammatory, and mitochondrial pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes-related cognitive impairment is multifactorial, involving interconnected pathways.
  • Predicting individuals at highest risk remains challenging.
  • Promising pre-clinical therapies require validation in clinical trials.