Common Functional Gastroenterological Disorders Associated With Abdominal Pain

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Internal Medicine
• Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background:

• Abdominal pain is a common symptom with both structural and nonstructural causes.
• Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are prevalent, affecting approximately 25% of the US population.
• These disorders significantly impact quality of life and increase healthcare utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the 4 most common functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with abdominal pain.
• To discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.
• To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and patient-physician relationships in treatment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of literature on functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (constipation-predominant and diarrhea-predominant), and functional abdominal pain syndrome.
• Discussion of diagnostic criteria based on symptoms and the role of selected testing to exclude structural disease.
• Overview of therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral approaches.

Main Results:

• Functional gastrointestinal disorders are characterized by disordered gastrointestinal motility and sensation, influenced by peripheral and central factors.
• Diagnosis is primarily symptom-based, with alarm features prompting further investigation.
• Effective management involves accurate diagnosis, patient-physician collaboration, and tailored treatments, avoiding opioids.

Conclusions:

• Functional gastrointestinal disorders are common and associated with significant morbidity.
• Accurate diagnosis and a strong patient-physician relationship are crucial for effective management.
• Treatment should be individualized, incorporating dietary changes, pharmacotherapy, and psychological approaches when necessary, while excluding opioid use.