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Waltzing route toward double-helix formation in cholesteric shells.

Alexandre Darmon1, Michael Benzaquen1, David Seč2

  • 1Effets Collectifs & Matière Molle (EC2M), UMR CNRS 7083 Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la ville de Paris, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cholesteric liquid crystal shells form complex defects, enabling nanoscale material self-assembly. Their stability and defect dynamics are controlled by shell geometry and helical pitch, paving the way for novel photonic crystals.

Keywords:
chiralitygeometrical frustrationliquid crystalsspherical shelltopological defect

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Confined liquid crystals in spherical shells can create artificial mesoscopic atoms.
  • Spherical curvature induces topological defects in liquid crystal ordering.
  • Controlling defect number (shell valency) and position is crucial for self-assembled nanoscale materials like photonic crystals and metamaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cholesteric liquid crystal shells with monovalent and bivalent defect configurations.
  • To explore the potential of cholesteric order for controlling shell defect structures.
  • To understand the inner structure and stability of defects in these configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental studies with numerical simulations.
  • Analyzed monovalent and bivalent defect configurations in cholesteric shells.
  • Investigated the influence of shell thickness (h) and cholesteric helical pitch (p) on defect stability.

Main Results:

  • Both monovalent and bivalent defects exhibit complex inner structures.
  • Bivalent shells feature two highly structured defects formed by piled-up smaller defect rings.
  • Monovalent shells display a single radial defect with a double-helix structure of two winding defect lines.
  • Defect stability is governed by the ratio c = h/p.
  • Shell geometry tuning can induce transitions between monovalent and bivalent configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Cholesteric liquid crystals offer a novel route to control topological defects in spherical shells.
  • The complex defect structures and their dynamics provide a pathway for designing advanced nanoscale materials.
  • The interplay between shell geometry and helical pitch dictates defect configuration and stability, enabling tunable self-assembly.