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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Transient hyperphosphatasemia in children.

Rolan Bassrawi, Narjes Alsabie, Deema Alsorani

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transient Hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is a rare, benign condition causing temporary high serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in children. This report details two pediatric cases, comparing their outcomes to established TH natural history.

Keywords:
Alkaline phosphataseHyperphosphatasemiaSaudi ArabiaTransienthyperphosphatasia

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transient Hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is characterized by temporary elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
  • This benign condition primarily affects infants and children, with rare occurrences in adults.
  • Accurate differential diagnosis is crucial, distinguishing TH from serious liver, bone, kidney, intestinal, placental, or blood diseases.

Observation:

  • Presents two pediatric cases of Transient Hyperphosphatasemia.
  • Compares the clinical course of these patients with the documented natural history of TH.
  • Highlights the rarity of TH in clinical practice.

Findings:

  • Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels normalize spontaneously in TH.
  • The condition is self-limiting, with no long-term sequelae in most pediatric cases.
  • Diagnostic challenges include differentiating TH from various systemic and injury-related conditions.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the importance of recognizing TH to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatments.
  • Provides valuable clinical insights for managing pediatric patients with elevated ALP.
  • Contributes to the understanding of a rare pediatric condition often overlooked in adults.