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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Substantial Tissue Specificity in Human Aortic Valve.

Jun Wang¹, Ying Wang², Weidong Gu¹

¹Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online

|August 6, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the human aortic valve transcriptome, identifying novel long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) and highlighting tissue-specific gene expression. These findings advance understanding of transcriptome diversity and tissue specificity in human aortic valves.

Keywords:

aortic valve long noncoding RNAs protein-coding genes tissue specificity transcriptome

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Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

Protein Isolation from the Developing Embryonic Mouse Heart Valve Region

Protein Isolation from the Developing Embryonic Mouse Heart Valve Region

Published on: September 23, 2014

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is crucial for transcriptome analysis, yet the human aortic valve transcriptome remains largely uncharacterized.
Existing RNA-seq data primarily covers human tissues and cell lines, with limited focus on specific valvular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the complete transcriptome of the human aortic valve.
To compare the human aortic valve transcriptome with 13 other human tissues.
To investigate the tissue specificity and evolutionary origins of protein-coding genes and long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in the aortic valve.

Main Methods:

RNA sequencing of two calcified human aortic valves.
Integration of RNA-seq data from the Human Body Map 2 Project for comparative analysis.
Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression, tissue specificity, evolutionary conservation, and isoform expression.

Main Results:

The study identified 19,505 protein-coding genes and 4,948 lincRNAs in the human aortic valve transcriptome.
263 novel noncoding transcripts (lincRNAs) were discovered.
Significant tissue specificity was observed for both protein-coding genes and lincRNAs in the aortic valve, with specific lincRNAs showing recent primate-specific origins and lower nucleotide conservation.
Aortic valve-specific genes exhibited lower expression levels compared to universally expressed genes.

Conclusions:

This is the first comparative transcriptome analysis of the human aortic valve against other human tissues.
The findings provide insights into the transcriptome diversity of human tissues and the mechanisms driving tissue specificity of genes and lincRNAs in the aortic valve.
The results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of aortic valve biology and disease.