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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Recreational Physical Activity and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies.

Constance Xhaard1, Juan J Lence-Anta2, Yan Ren1

  • 1U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

European Thyroid Journal
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Engaging in long-term recreational physical activity since childhood may lower differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) risk. Weekly activity frequency appears more impactful than duration for reducing cancer occurrence.

Keywords:
Pooled case-control studyRecreational physical activityRisk factorsThyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Physical activity is a known factor influencing cancer risk through various mechanisms.
  • The specific relationship between physical activity and thyroid cancer risk requires further investigation.
  • Few studies have explored the impact of long-term physical activity on thyroid cancer incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lifelong recreational physical activity and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  • To pool data from two case-control studies in Cuba and Eastern France for a comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A pooled analysis of 1,008 differentiated thyroid cancer cases and 1,088 controls.
  • Self-reported recreational physical activity levels since childhood were assessed.
  • Logistic regression models, stratified by age, country, and gender, were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Overall, individuals reporting recreational physical activity showed a slightly reduced risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.0).
  • The frequency of weekly physical activity was found to be a more significant factor than the duration in years.
  • The observed association suggests a protective effect of consistent physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term recreational physical activity, initiated in childhood, may contribute to a reduced risk of differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • The precise biological mechanisms underlying this risk reduction remain to be elucidated.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore underlying pathways.