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The relationship between vitamin K and peripheral arterial disease
Linda E T Vissers1, Geertje W Dalmeijer1, Jolanda M A Boer2
1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Atherosclerosis
|August 6, 2016
Summary
High intake of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) may reduce peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk, especially in hypertensive individuals. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) intake showed no association with PAD risk in this study.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional science
- Cardiovascular health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Dietary vitamin K, encompassing phylloquinone (K1) and menaquinones (K2), is linked to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.
- Vascular calcification is a key factor in cardiovascular disease, and vitamin K is implicated in its regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between dietary intake of phylloquinone and menaquinones and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 36,629 participants.
- PAD occurrence was determined through national registry linkage.
- Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
- Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to calculate hazard ratios.
Main Results:
- Over 12.1 years, 489 incident PAD cases were recorded.
- Higher menaquinones intake was associated with a reduced PAD risk (HR 0.71).
- This association was stronger in participants with hypertension (HR 0.59) and diabetes (HR 0.56).
- Phylloquinone intake did not show a significant association with PAD risk.
Conclusions:
- High dietary menaquinones intake is linked to a lower risk of PAD.
- The protective effect of menaquinones appears more pronounced in hypertensive individuals.
- Dietary phylloquinone intake is not associated with PAD risk reduction.
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